Artesunate 50mg

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ARTESUNAT is preparation for killing the asexual forms of Plasmodium at the erythrocytic stage. It is effective against Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax, especially against malarial parasites resistant to Chloroquine. ARTESUNAT can quickly and reliably control the acute attack and cerebral type of malaria.

What is Artesunate 50mg Tablet?

Artesunate is a water-soluble hemisuccinate derivative of artemisinin. It is unstable in neutral solution and the injectable formulation must be prepared immediately before use in 5% (w/v) sodium bicarbonate solution to produce the salt sodium artesunate. After parenteral administration, it is rapidly hydrolyzed to the active metabolite dihydroartemisinin. The oral formulation is probably hydrolyzed completely before entering the systemic circulation.

Artesunate has been reported to clear fever in patients with severe falciparum malaria 16-25 hours after parenteral administration.

Mechanism Action Of Artesunate 50mg?

Artesunate is an antimalarial agent, available in oral, rectal and parenteral formulations, that provides a rapid clinical effect in patients with Plasmodium falciparum malaria. The rapidity of effect, availability of an intravenous and intramuscular formulation and convenient dosage regimen make artesunate an ideal candidate for the treatment of severe malaria, including cerebral disease.

While some results have been promising, there is no clear evidence to date that the artesunate reduces mortality in patients with cerebral malaria to any greater extent than standard quinine therapy. When given as monotherapy, treatment should be continued for at least 5 to 7 days to prevent recrudescence.

Combination therapy with mefloquine allows the artesunate to be administered over 3 days or less, with a satisfactory clinical outcome maintained. Although optimal dosages remain to be determined, this combination continues to provide the rapid onset of clinical effect observed with artesunate monotherapy, but decreases the rate of recrudescence to 2% (i.e., radical cure rate of 98%) when used as treatment in patients with uncomplicated malaria from areas with a high risk of multidrug-resistance falciparum malaria.

Although the assessment of tolerability is complicated by the difficulty of distinguishing between disease and treatment-related events, artesunate and artesunate-mefloquine combinations appear to be well tolerated in adults and children. Indeed, prior administration of artesunate may reduce the incidence of mefloquine-induced vomiting.

Clinical findings to date have not revealed any pattern of resistance to artesunate after use of the drug. However, given the history of the development of resistance to other antimalarial drugs, the use of artesunate should be restricted to areas of multidrug resistance, the drug should be used in combination with a longer-acting agent such as mefloquine, and it should be used in regimens that provide radical cure rates of 90 to 100%. If used according to these treatment principles, the artesunate will provide a well-tolerated and valuable addition to the current extremely limited treatment options for multidrug-resistant falciparum malaria, a widespread parasitic disease associated with considerable mortality.

Side Effects of Artesunate 50mg

• Dizziness
• Headache
• Abdominal pain
• Diarrhea
• Injection site pain
• Fever with body pain
• Anemia
• Low WBC and Platelet count
• Swelling of the liver

Warning of Artesunate 50mg tablet

• Pregnancy – Use of this medicine in pregnant women is not recommended unless necessary. The effect of this medicine on pregnancy is not established and hence should be used only in life-threatening situations.
• Breast-feeding – Use of this medicine while breastfeeding is not recommended unless necessary. Your doctor will determine whether or not to use this medicine.
• Severe malaria – This medicine should be used to treat malaria only when it is severe and other medicines like quinine are proving to be ineffective.
• Medicine induced fever – This medicine can cause fever as a side effect.
• Liver/kidney impairment – This medicine should be used with caution in patients having an impaired liver/kidney function. If the impairment is very severe then the use of this medicine should be avoided.

Precaution of Artesunate 50mg tablet

Parenteral artesunate should be used for the treatment of severe falciparum malaria only where there is evidence that the antimalarial efficacy of quinine is declining.

The powder for injection is difficult to dissolve and care should be taken to ensure that it is completely dissolved before parenteral administration. It should always be used immediately following reconstitution. If the solution is cloudy or a precipitate is present, the parenteral preparation should be discarded.

Little experience has been gained with the use of this drug in pregnancy but the parenteral preparation should not be withheld if it is considered life-saving to the mother.

Artesunate 50mg Dosage

Oral administration

Adults and children over 6 months: 5 mg/kg orally on the first day followed by 2.5 mg/kg on the second and third days in combination with mefloquine (15 mg/kg) in a single dose on the second day. In a few areas, a higher dose (25 mg/kg) of mefloquine may be required for a cure to be obtained.

Parenteral administration

The powder for injection should be reconstituted with 5% sodium bicarbonate and diluted in an equal volume of physiological saline or 5% (w/v) glucose. It should be administered immediately by either intravenous or intramuscular injection.

A loading dose of 2 mg/kg should be followed by 1 mg/kg after 4 hours and 24 hours. Thereafter a dose of 1 mg/kg should be given daily until the patient can tolerate oral artesunate or for a maximum of 7 days.

Uses of Artesunate 50mg

Orally: treatment of uncomplicated falciparum malaria in areas where there is evidence of chloroquine, pyrimethamine/sulfadoxine, mefloquine, and quinine resistance. It should always be administered together with mefloquine in a full therapeutic dose.

Parenterally: treatment of severe falciparum malaria in areas where there is evidence of quinine resistance. Radical cure is then effected with a full course of an effective oral antimalarial.

Storage of Artesunate 50mg

Store in a cool, dry place. Protect from light.

Capsules should be stored in tightly closed containers.

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